Habeas Corpus and the War on Terror Essay - 1307 Words

How can we justify the war on terrorism abroad when the war was brought to our door steps with very little remaining abroad but some small resistances? This may be a difficult question to answer but it is one that can be easily found through understanding of the criminal mind and the way the terrorists work. The main objective here is to show how the war is going and how the terrorists were classified as such. I will also be providing information on Habeas Corpus both past and present as well as what it means both in English and American traditions. Furthermore the way everything will be written will answer very specific questions asked and I shall answer them. The first portion of the essay is about the history of habeas corpus and how it†¦show more content†¦The reason they are still in prison is because congress said it would not spend another dime to get them to where they need to be. Now how do we go about suspending or revoking the suspension of habeas corpus. Our founding fathers thought of that as well so it is stated in the constitution how it shall be suspended or revoked and this is done when the threat is over and there is no need to capture enemy combatants or illegal combatants. Habeas Corpus is a Latin phrase meaning â€Å"You have the body† this may sound a little odd but it just means that we have a liberty and we have the right to a fair trial and we are to be presumed innocent until proven guilty by a court of law and juries of my peer. This is the oldest right we have in the Anglo-Saxon law. Interestingly enough, the violation of the writ of Habeas Corpus has not been the most severe of the civil liberties granted to not only Americans but many other countries. The use and misuse of this liberty is something that can be abused both by the good guys and the bad ones as well. By using this as a bad guy who has not yet been convicted he will be running free until his case is heard and found guilty. There are many controversy regarding habeas corpus and the one that comes to mind is the one regarding President Bush and the enemy combatants from Afghanistan and Iraq. When it comes to the historical evolution of Habeas Corpus including its English and American traditions Habeas corpusShow MoreRelatedHabeas Corpus And The War On Terror1072 Words   |  5 PagesTo understand Habeas Corpus and how it has played its part in the war on terror, a look at what it is and how it started should be looked at. Habeas Corpus, (â€Å"you should have the body†), is an old legal procedure that protects against unlawful and indefinite imprisonment. It is issued by a judge and does not determine whether the individual is guilty or innocent, but whether they are illegally imprisoned. If the charges are considered valid, the individual will go to trial, if not, the personRead MoreHabeas Corpus And The War On Terror2110 Words   |  9 Pages Habeas Corpus and the War on Terror Joshua Beasley POL201: American National Government Mark Ladd January 12, 2015 â€Æ' Habeas Corpus and the War on Terror Every person has the right to undergo a judicial hearing to avoid illegal detention. However, if that person poses threat to the society and the state, there are instances that the said right is overseen where these types of people are quickly detained after capturing. The writ of Habeas Corpus gives the rights to the captured people to undergoRead MoreThe Right of Habeas Corpus and the War on Terror1321 Words   |  6 PagesThe Right of Habeas Corpus and the War on Terror Introduction September 11, 2001 changed the United States forever. This disastrous attack on the Pentagon and the twin towers at the World Trade Center destroyed the lives of thousands of people. Over 3,000 people were killed, including hundreds or firefighters and policemen, many of which were never found. The attackers were Islamic terrorists from Arab nations. The war on terror declared by the Bush Administration, had become one of the mostRead MoreCivil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror979 Words   |  4 Pages 1 Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror Pol 201 American National Government Instructor: Gregory Di Cerbo September 20, 2012 Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror 2 Since SeptemberRead Morethe right of habeas corpus in the context of the war on terror621 Words   |  3 Pagesright of habeas corpus in the context of the war on terror. Your essay should address the following subtopics: Explain the historical evolution of habeas corpus, including its English and American traditions. The explanation of its evolution within the American tradition should include the general meaning of the right of habeas corpus in the U.S. Constitution and its relationship to the protection of other civil liberties. Provide examples from U.S. history of the suspension of habeas corpusRead MoreThe Writ of Habeas Corpus and War on Terror in the United States2183 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Habeas Corpus Context War Terror 1. The general meaning of the right of habeas corpus in the U.S. Constitution and its relationship to the protection of other civil liberties. Blackstone said that the writ of habeas corpus is the most celebrated and venerated of the English law. The US constitution therefore carried this important aspect and thus federal courts were authorized to issue writs of habeas corpus in all cases where a person may be restrained of his or her liberty in violation ofRead MoreCivil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror Essay1788 Words   |  8 PagesCivil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror POL 201 April 15, 2013 Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror Civil liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror have been the forefront of Congress since 2001 with the terrorist attack against The United States. Although there have been many attacks before, none have hit the American people in such a manner to question whether our civil liberties are at stake. As a member of the Armed Forces I swore to supportRead MoreCivil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror Essay1860 Words   |  8 PagesLiberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror Jennifer Proctor POL201: American National Government Instructor: Luke Martin 10/29/12 Habeas Corpus has been around for very many years. Although no one knows its exact origin it still dates back pretty far. Habeas Corpus has been seen as a good thing and a bad thing. It has been around for every war we have had. It has also been suspended by two of our presidents in the past. The story and history of Habeas Corpus is a veryRead MoreCivil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror Essay2184 Words   |  9 PagesCivil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror Do you remember where you were on September 11, 2001? I was working as a Personal Care Provider in a Senior Home at Newport, NJ. Do you remember the feeling you felt when you saw the planes crashing on the Twin Towers in New York? I remember feeling powerless. I wanted to do something to help out the people trapped in those towers. It was a horrible feeling not to be able to helpRead MorePOL 201 Week 5 Final Paper Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror36705 Words   |  147 PagesLiberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror http://homeworkmonster.com/downloads/pol-201-week-5-final-paper-civil-liberties-habeas-corpus-war-terror/ POL 201 Week 5 Final Paper Civil Liberties, Habeas Corpus, and the War on Terror The final assignment for this course is a Final Paper. The purpose of the Final Paper is to give you an opportunity to apply much of what you have learned about American national government to an examination of civil liberties in the context of the war on terror. The Final

Ccot Essay Free Essays

CCOT Essay: China 100 CE-600 CE China’s culture and it’s values have stayed as mostly continuities and few or little changes. The teachings and values of Confucianism that were so strong that they have lasted throughout the centuries of Chinese history and is still well-known today. These values included guidelines on respect. We will write a custom essay sample on Ccot Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Chinese civilization during the classical civilization was a patriarchy and with the Confucius teaching which created the outline of how a good family should work like. Patriarchy was continuity for Chinese civilization. Many of Confucius’ beliefs and values will survive and withstand many potential changes to come. One of these changes were Buddhism, which came into China through many different paths such as the Silk Road. The Han Dynasty fell, causing China to go into a three year period of chaos. China’s cultural unity was threatened by the spread of Buddhism, though it was tone of the one ideas that was imported into China before the 20th century. Fortunately for China’s streak of continuity, the three century period of chaos would end which would also revive Confucianism. The rising and falling of dynasties were continuity. Confucianism took China’s social pieces and put them together. Even though China had many changes that took place from 100 C. E. to 600 C. E. , they always evened out culturally. They also remained in their streak of cultural continuity thanks to Confucius and his teachings. One of these continuities was the dynamic cycles, like the Zhou dynasty, the Qin dynasty, and the Han dynasty, because it had lasted throughout the Classical Era. Many things were changing around the time period. The first of these things was that the bureaucratic system. It was becoming more and more corrupt. Peasants and the regular people of China became poor. After germs and disease came, people started to die as well. Then nomads came, and due to the unstable government of China at the time, the army was not able to push them. Therefore, the Han dynasty was overthrown completely. The same sort of overthrowing by nomadic invasions happened in Rome as well. The Germanic invaders came in and broke Rome apart. Rome was then divided into three areas and was never completely revived ever again. After the three century period of chaos, the T’ang dynasty came later, in 618 C. E. to revive Confucianism and the bureaucratic system. During the classical era, the Chinese civilization underwent major governmental change. In China still physically remained strong and united. The reason for this is because China had a very solid social and political system that was based off of Confucianism. The cause of these major radical changes in China’s government is because of the weakened government; the nomadic invasions did not help either. How to cite Ccot Essay, Essay examples

The Environment as a Third Teacher Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Environment as a Third Teacher. Answer: Introduction This topic has been selected to study the impact of environment on early childhoods learning and development. It is strongly believed that environment plays key role in overall development of children which includes- physical, social/cultural, emotional, cognitive, language etc. The child started to get influenced by the environment even before their birth that is chemical balance of the mothers body. After birth physical environment is the first thing the child encounters consisting of air water and nutritional value of food. The norms, morals, values and belief system developed in the child through the social and cultural environment he is born in. The learning environment provides sensory inputs for cognitive development; the educator can provide quality learning experience according to the need and interest of the children. Moreover, physical environment of the classroom and the available resources also influence child behavior. In the child development the emotional environment is the most important one as the personality, identity, trust, self-esteem etc. are dependent on it (Payne and Isaacs 2017). Title of Research Environment as a third teacher: on early childhoods learning and development. Key Research Question How environment impact children's learning and development? Purpose of Research The research focuses on children milestone, program structure, teachers as a role model, cause of challenging, additional support service such as resource center, professional development training service, government service. The Environment also includes teacher child interaction. Positive environment ensures social and physical development of the children as well as creative skills and brain development (education.gov.au, 2017). Rationale behind Selection of the Topic The topic has been selected according to the Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) and National Quality Standard (NQS) of Australia. The EYLF is developed by the Council of Australian Government to provide assistance to the teachers in enriching childrens education from birth to five years of age (education.gov.au, 2017). And the NQS develops quality program for the children education and care services for the Australian children (acecqa.gov.au, 2017). There are seven quality areas included by NQS listed below: Education program and practice Childrens health and safety Physical environment Staffing arrangements Relationships with children Collaborative partnerships with families and communities Leadership and service management (acecqa.gov.au, 2017) Among the seven qualities of NQS, physical environment has been selected for research. Background of the Research and Current Context On the basis of NQS the physical environment is one of the elements of early childhood development. Because the environment in which we live has overall impact on our health, activities, mood, work, relationship, efficiency etc. Similarly, the environment plays a very crucial role in early childhood development and learning, tow important reasons behind it is discussed here (milwaukee.uwex.edu, 2017). The first important reason is, it is scientifically proved that there is rapid brain development in the young children. According to the National Council of the Developing Child the brain development of the child is very similar to constructing a house, as lack of right material can affect the desired blueprint of the house, lack of appropriate environment may lead t weak foundation of child brain (Medina 2014). Because development of the childs brain is completely dependent on the environment they are surrounded with. Here the environment is considered as physical environment. The second reason is not just the physical environment affects the child brains development, the childhood group environment also plays very important role. Because most of the babies spend their large awaken hours in early childhood group environment that is from kindergarten to third grade classrooms (Winnick and Porretta eds. 2016). Moreover, the teachers values, beliefs and philosophies are also important part of early childhood development, because on the basis of these aspects the teacher will provide learning environment to the children. Teachers job satisfaction, construction of knowledge, interest in innovation and development of new tools and technologies for the betterment of child brain development is very crucial. This research also studies the importance and impact of physical activity and physical environment on childhood brain development. It is often seen that some of the educators show reluctance to get engaged in physical activities during winter season. The research and knowledge about this area is so broad that it required an elaborate separate study. It is well known that physical activity is the core of child health and development. And lack of physical activity creates lots of serious health issues like- obesity, high blood pressure, cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, respiratory difficulties, bone density etc. Benefits of physical activities are not just restricted to physical health; it has positive impact on individual psychological, emotional, cognitive behavior (Harms, Clifford and Cryer 2014). Impact of Physical Environment and Physical Activity on Early Childhood Development Through this research we provide a precise study of how environment influence and enhance childrens learning and development in various ways. It is believed that environment can influence overall development of child such as physical, social emotional, cognitive, language and etc. With the past five years experience in sector it is minutely observed that environmental change greatly impact childrens learning and development. Therefore to provide quality learning experience according to child interest and need the physical environment should be controlled accordingly. It is universally and scientifically accepted that all development of child is effected by the environment. So it is extremely necessary to provide the best physical environment (Britto et al. 2014). Child developmental milestone are the physical activity and behavior of the child noticed when they grow. The developmental milestones are different for different age groups like- rolling, crawling, walking, talking etc. The program structure is based on physical activity in which the child is to be involved for overall development of their individuality and creativity. For this activity teachers are considered as role model who will inspire and encourage the young children awareness about their environment in which they are growing so that they develop positive value and belief system. The teacher can perform their assigned task efficiently when they are skilled and trained, dedication towards their profession improve the quality of their performance. Program organized by the government may also work as a catalyst to equip the teacher with high potential and quality to develop the physical environment and physical activity for the growth child mental and physical health (Humphreys a nd Zeanah 2015). Early childhood education basically focuses on child development in three to five years age group. This period should ensure both the mental and physical development of the child. In the past few years it is noticed that extra efforts have been put on physical activity, because it is believed that it influences both the mental and physical activity of the child. It is needed to be clearly understood that mental and physical developments are two sides of the same coin so they should not be considered as separate entities (earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au, 2017). The physical activities should be constructed in such a way that they take it as a part of their life in teenage, as well as adulthood. Benefits of physical activities are listed below: Healthy muscles and bones Reduce depression and anxiety Better social, emotional and cognitive skills Better educational skills Build self-confidence, interpersonal relationship/cooperation and concentration (acecqa.gov.au, 2017) Major findings The topic of the research is environment as a third teaches simply state the importance of environment on early childhood teaching and development. On the basis of the research question framed for the study it is finally concluded that the impact of physical environment on early childhood development is extensive. The topic has been selected according to the Early Years Learning Framework (EYLF) and National Quality Standard (NQS) of Australia. Hence the environment created by the teachers to perform physical activity by the children improves their mental and physical health not only in early childhood but also throughout life. So the teachers should be encouraged and trained to structure physical activities for children in early age. References acecqa.gov.au. (2017). Australian Children's Education Care Quality Authority. [online] Available at: https://acecqa.gov.au/national-quality-framework/the-national-quality-standard [Accessed 2 Aug. 2017]. Britto, P.R., Lye, S.J., Proulx, K., Yousafzai, A.K., Matthews, S.G., Vaivada, T., Perez-Escamilla, R., Rao, N., Ip, P., Fernald, L.C. and MacMillan, H., 2017. Nurturing Care: Promoting Early Childhood Development. The Lancet, 389(10064), pp.91-102. earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au. (2017). National Quality Standard Professional Learning Program. [online] Available at: https://www.earlychildhoodaustralia.org.au/nqsplp/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Environment-makeover-campbell-street-workshop-240312.pdf [Accessed 2 Aug. 2017]. education.gov.au. (2017). Australian Government: Department of Education and Training. [Online] Available at: https://www.education.gov.au/early-years-learning-framework [Accessed 2 Aug. 2017]. Harms, T., Clifford, R.M. and Cryer, D., 2014. Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale. Teachers College Press. Lerner, R.M. and Busch-Rossnagel, N.A. eds., 2013. Individuals as Producers of Their Development: A Life-Span Perspective. Elsevier. Medina, J., 2014. Brain rules for baby, Updated and expanded: How to raise a smart and happy child from zero to five. Pear Press. milwaukee.uwex.edu. (2017). Environmental Influences on Child Development. [online] Available at: https://milwaukee.uwex.edu/files/2013/04/Environmental-Influences-on-Child-Development.pdf [Accessed 1 Aug. 2017]. Parizkova, J., 2016. Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Health in Early Life. CRC Press. Payne, V.G. and Isaacs, L.D., 2017. Human Motor Development: A Lifespan Approach. Routledge. Winnick, J. and Porretta, D. eds., 2016. Adapted Physical Education and Sport, 6E. Human Kinetics.

Peace Building and the Arts

World’s attempt to foster peace in Middle East with the rest of the world remains a challenge in the 21st century. While the US remains optimistic in the realization of this peace, its relationship with the region gradually threatens the global peace. Studies reveal that the US approaches and strategies of peace building are viably inapplicable for the region. Based on ‘Shank and Schirch’ reading, the essay argues to justify the arts-based strategy as the ideal mechanism for peace building in the Middle East.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Peace Building and the Arts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Studies show that arts such as music, art, and theater provide a wide range of resources for peace building. Communication, organization, education, and training are some of the tools for peace building, which arts satisfactorily provide. As one of the regions, which highly uphold culture, arts wo uld successfully serve as the efficient communication tool for peace builders in the Middle East. Through performances, artists such as musicians communicate the messages of peace to the society. In fact, according to Shank and Schirch, Artists have used arts â€Å"for centuries to communicate human experience† (218). It can as well build peace in most of these regions. Since most parts of the world uphold music, the Middle East inclusive, the message content would reach widespread groups of people and hence promote peace within the region. Therefore, the US should embrace arts as a tool for embracing of peace rather than the military attacks to the region. Secondly, arts result into organizations that act as vehicles of peace. Although Hip-hop music dates its roots in America, it has spread to all over the world with the artists ‘virtually organized’ to wage war against political conflicts. African artists have used Hip-hop music to organize and instigate change s within their societies. Ghanaians for example, through their Highlife form of Hip-hop, continue to raise awareness to positive results on issues such as poverty, AIDS, and corruption. Organization of youth through arts would reduce the number of those involved in violent acts and hence promoting peace in the region. Thirdly, arts act as a form of education to the society. Shank and Schirch point out various ways of presenting art and among them are illustrations, fictions, and performance. Art forms such as carvings, which depict the effects of violent acts, offer insights of conflicts to the society. The message content of music and themes of the theater performances could provide a useful base for education and training to the society on peace building. The peace builders in Middle East should take the advantage of love for culture in the region and use cultural arts such as carving, theater to educate and hence nurture peace.Advertising Looking for essay on international r elations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Finally, people who lack self-confidence use violence to express their grievances. Conflict resolution experts assert that music and theater performances provide self-confidence to the people. As Shank and Schirch note, â€Å"Artists can use visual, literary, performance and movement art as capacity-building mechanisms to build self-confidence† (226). Arts can therefore provide self-confidence for one’s expression. The Middle East people ‘feel’ shortsighted by the US and thus in order to express their anger therefore, they attack the US and their affiliates. The peace builders should promote arts in order to create confidence within the region. This will enable the people in that region to express confidence rather than engaging in attacks. The contribution of the Hip-hop music to peace building in the US is what I found interesting in the reading. From this text, it is vivid that the black people used Hip-hop to struggle for their freedom hence promoting peace in the US. Opponents of military attacks in the Middle East use Hip-hop to protest to the government. What is interesting is that most current Hip-hop music contains love and sexual information rather than peace. Is this Hip-hop or a different kind of art? Works Cited Shank, Micheal, and Schirch, Lisa. â€Å"Strategic Arts-based Peacebuilding.† Peace and Change: a Journal of Peace Research 33.2 (2008): 217-242. Web. http://www.michaelshank.tv/ This essay on Peace Building and the Arts was written and submitted by user Baylee Huffman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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The definition of an architect according to Random House is: Architect ( ar-chi-tects) a person who engages in the profession of architecture (Random House). Requirements for education as stated in The Chronicle Guidance Publications are In most states architects must have either a bachelors or a masters degree earned for completion of studies in an accredited degree program for architecture. In 1999 the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB) accredited 108 programs culminating in either a five-year bachelors degree in architecture or a masters degree in architecture. There are several ways to earn a professional degree in architecture. More than half of all architecture degrees are for completion of a five-year program for students entering college directly from high school. Masters degree programs generally require either two years for students with an undergraduate degree in architecture or a related study, or three to four years for students who have a degree in another discipline. Computer literacy is essential. Most firms are now using computers for word processing, design development, specifications wri! ting, two-dimensional and three-dimensional design drafting, financial management, and research. US News ranked Claremont McKenna College in California as the best Liberal Arts School in the nation for architecture. California Institute of Technology was the top ranked university for architecture followed by Stanford also in California (US News). According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics All States and the District of Columbia require individuals to be licensed (registered) before they may call themselves architects or contract to provide architectural services. Many architecture school graduates work in the field even though they are not licensed. However, a licensed architect is required to take legal responsibility for all work. Three req...

Algorithm for Robot Navigation Without Collisions

Algorithm for Robot Navigation Without Collisions ALGORITHM FOR ROBOT NAVIGATION AT ENVIRONMENT WITHOUT COLLISION Â   ALGORITHM REPRESENTATION FOR NAVIGATION OF MOBILE ROBOT WITHOUT OBSTACLE COLLISON Mobile robot It is a kind of robot that has the ability to travel Relative to the environment (i.e. locomotion), and one of the actuators of the robot is the locomotive system This chapter of my bachelor thesis is to develop algorithms that will help the autonomous mobile robot in visual navigation. g the robot. Then, the robot tries to understand their environment to extract data from a sequence of image data, in this case, optical, and then uses this information as a guide for the movement. The strategy adopted to avoid collisions with obstacles during movement – a balance between the right and left optical flow vectors. An integral part of any navigation scheme is the desire to reach a destination and do not get lost or bump into any of the objects. There may be other restrictions on a given route, such as speed limits or zo nes of uncertainty, where in theory, of course, can pave the path, but not desirable. Often, the way is to move the robot autonomously planned, ie on the basis of previous input and without interference in real time. It can work effectively, but only on condition that the environment is perfectly known and does not change and the robot can travel on the route perfectly. However, in the real world everything is much more complicated. Note that navigation will include: Location of robot Environment perception and his model Methods of traffic planning Robot motion control algorithms The problem of mobile robot navigation is a very complex issue characteristic at both ends. The implementation of tasks by moving a mobile robot requires obtaining information about the surrounding-limiting environment – hence the importance of having AD sensory system that allows the observation of the environment and its perception, For this purpose, both simple rangefinder systems and co ntact sensors, which correspond with collision detection. Using a constant speed of 4m/s for the algorithm and a step size of 0.125m which was obtained by the multiplication of the speed by interval in which information is received. = 0.125m. The algorithm is given below. Set iteration values K equals K =1. Tolerance factor ÃŽ ´ Using the following sequence inside the loop for K Evaluating Hessian and the gradient and also checking for positive definite of hessian matric Determine Newton Direction Normalize Newton Direction Determine step size Determine new point If || ΔT||< ÃŽ ´, if not set K=1 And repeat step 2.otherwise terminate But considering the above algorithm it’s still going to encounter some problems. For example saw tooth pattern that occurs at the along the path, shown below: Saw-tooth pattern Saw-tooth happens due to fixed step size at some point in the navigation of the mobile robot reduction in step size is necessary which also means reduction in the speed of the robot . The reason for this effect is because the present point of the robot is not always the best point possible. Meaning that point after that will guide the path back, resulting in a saw=tooth pattern zig -zagging along the path. The reason this problem occurs is because the robot has a constant speed.

Best Buy Brings Diversity to the Geek Squad Essay

Best Buy Brings Diversity to the Geek Squad - Essay Example Also, the coloured people and women in the contemporary society have an almost equal access to education opportunities and skill enhancement institutions and organizations. In that context, racial and gender diversity has an important role to play in the employees’ motivation and training. On the one side it teaches the managers to be respectful towards and sensitive to the needs and expectations of the customers affiliated to the racial minorities and the women. This is pragmatic as these customer segments do have at their disposal, ample buying and decision making power and their choices do have the power to influence the profitability and sustenance of the companies. On the other side, being cognizant of racial and gender diversity issues allows the companies to benefit from the talent of the employees who are coloured or happen to be women. 2. Sensitivity to racial diversity and diversity issues is not something that can be imposed superficially, but rather a skill that is acquired through understanding and awareness.

Live Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Live Art - Essay Example Modern performance art dwells on current political topics and tries to illustrate them employment various techniques. In this essay I will attempt to focus my attention primarily of the visual arts and how they passed through an evolutional process in the 20th century. Although I partially agree with the statement that Goldberg (2001) makes that performance art is a medium with endless variables, almost no barrier, crossing all known taboos, and eventually borders with anarchism, I will try to pose the contra-argument that those alternations are caused by the fast-revolving global cultural, political and social life and consequently is a process which barely faces intentional directions. The term "performance art" was first used in the 1960's in the United States. Originally, the term referred to any live artistic event which engaged musicians, poets, film makers and so on (Goldberg, 2001). However, there were earlier forms of visual arts, for example the live performances of the Dadaists which was a combination of poetry and visual arts. Another example that Goldberg (2001) cites are the German Bauhaus, who established a theater workshop in order to examine the bonds between sound, space and light. Although, there were various other art performances the term hadn't been coined until the 1960s. By the 1970's the performance art idea spread as a worldwide acknowledged word which with the time began to be treated as a commodity - traded, advertised and sold (Goldberg, 2001). Consequently, the performance artists instilled in their art the direct contact with their audience through the public forum. This evolution of the performance art, eliminated the requirement to f or galleries, agents and brokers to act as mediators between the artists and their audience. On one hand, this opened the art to the general public and aided the artists to maintain a more real contact with their admirers, on the other this process destroyed all aspects of the capitalism and gaining profits from the artists. The main characteristics of the performance art are that: It is in live; There are no specific rules or guidelines, the art is experimental and if the artist says it is art, then it is; It is not for sale, though there might be admission tickets or included film right; It may contain painting or sculpture, music, dance, opera, film footage, poetry, dialogue, live animals, fire and everything that crosses one's mind; It is a legitimate artistic movement and there are many institutions where it is taught as a degree course; It is amusing, shocking, terrifying, entertaining and memorable. The most memorable and affirmative definition that I found about visual art is, is given by Goodman (1982). The comments: "What we know through art is felt in our bones and nerves and muscles as well as grasped by our minds . . . all the sensitivity and responsiveness of the organism participates in the invention and interpretation of symbols (pp.198 - 199)." That is true about performance art is that it is influential, because it reaches everyone, because they can perceive it with their senses and react to the feelings that the art evokes in them. Goodman (1982) a philosopher most of all, notably remarks that visual art is riddled with "philosophic faults and aesthetic absurdities (p. 191)." We can refer the aesthetic absurdities to the quote that Goldberg (2001) stating that art in the 20th century resembles anarchy. If analyzed from a artistic point of view anarchy means performances combined

Analysis of Hypocrisy in Adventures Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Hypocrisy in Adventures Essay The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, takes place in a time in age where the deficits of society are so intricately interwoven and ignored upon the individuals that make up that society. This results in hypocrisy that constantly plays a crucial part in how Mark Twain depicts the society that participates in such irrational activity. Characters, that Huck and Jim meet as they head for their freedom, which for Jim is slavery, and for Huck is the enslavement through civilization which is â€Å"practiced† by such a hypocrite society. Both are searching for freedom that is well defined in their own parameters; but are kept under constant hypocrisy in the pursuit to achieve their freedom. However, hypocrisy by a â€Å"civilized† society is as dominant in today’s society as it was in the time that Huck and Jim encountered it. Even though today’s, hypocrisies take a new shape and form and are interwoven with daily activities. They are given as much attention as any â€Å"civilized† society would. Although the hypocrisies that are evident in Huckleberry Finn might be in the form of the judge allowing Huck’s father, to keep him in custody, well knowing that he a drunkard would kill Huck to get his money. To the ignorance, of towns people and the nieces who were scammed by the duke and king. Everyone had taken so much self-esteem into the fact that the nieces had accepted the duke and king as their uncles that no one gave a second thought, even when it was publicly announced by Dr.  Robinson; as every â€Å"civilized† person who knew right from wrong sprang upon the doctor, trying to subdue him. As the greatest hypocrisy that took place in the book, was due to the time period itself; a time of white supremacy and racial prejudice, that took place everywhere, a time of slavery. These individuals who Huck ran away from to avoid being civilized, were themselves uncivilized due to the way they treated slaves who are non-other than human beings as well. Implying the fact that it is impossible for a society who owns and treats slaves as uncivilized people themselves can never be just. While, we see this constantly throughout our society today, as people call others fat, anorexic, sub-standard, not cool, not cute, irrational, and stupid; while they themselves have a bottomless pit of ignorance, leading to their own oblivion. Today’s society is actually worse than before in the sense that we are not only fed these things as a child; but we have to incorporate it into daily life through the influence of others, such as parents, media, and peers. Making our very existence, self-evident of such a paradox that can only derive from hypocrisy of a so called â€Å"civilized† society. As the time Mark Twain had written this novel, many social flaws existed within the fabrics of the community as a whole. The book played a major role within the cultural context of the era due to the fact that Jim, who was a slave and Huck a freeman were able to bond and have such an amazing journey together. Within this journey, Twain had interwoven several moments, that on the surface seemed like a norm at the time, but exploited several social flaws that would have otherwise been dismissed by ignorance. Resulting in a successful message from the author, hopefully allowing one to see at that time in age what horrid activities they take place in on a day to day basis, when viewed upon by another person’s spectacle.

Contagiousness of Violence Essay -- Holocaust, Hitler, Jews

The Holocaust is one of the most researched atrocities of recent History; there are many atrocities that one can research, why the Holocaust? Because along with being a horrific event in human history, it’s also a testament to the strength of the survivors, and a testament to the Horrors that Hitler began. This period in history can be separated into two major parts; the persecution of the Jewish people, and the extermination of all undesirables, which constituted mostly of Jews. Often times when researching the Holocaust you hear about Hitler and his villainy, but he was only part of the problem. This Paper intends to compare the arguments presented by Saul Friedlander in Nazi Germany and the Jews 1939-1945 The Years of Extermination and Peter Longerich in the Holocaust the Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews; the paper will examine the contagiousness of violence, hatred, and prejudice that the Germans and the occupied territories participated in between 1933 and 1945 of Hitler’s Nazi Regime. Nazi Germany and the Jews 1939-1945 the Years of Extermination begins the examination into the Holocaust by looking at the person who nurtured and strengthened the anti-Semitic feelings in Germany, and subsequently Europe, Adolf Hitler. Under Hitler’s Germany there was the essence of a political religion that is the devotion Germany felt for his cultural, and political goals is comparable to one’s faith in God. He had absolute loyalty, he ruled with fear, propaganda, and his personality; the key detail in his political rise to power is the externalizing of blame. â€Å"in Hitler’s views the Jews were first and foremost an active (Eventually deadly) threat† (Friedlander 16) he saw the Jews as the root of all evil, behind all the detrimental... ...edlander examines is prevalent in Longerich’s assessment of German control of Soviet occupied territories, the only difference that exist between the two is the detail, Friedlander briefly covers the situation while Longerich dedicates and entire section just to the murder of the Jewish men and then the next to the escalation from just the men to all Jews. The paper thus far has covered Hitler as the catalyst for the infection that took a hold of Europe, then the spread of his atrocious views to the German populace, its disastrous involvement in Poland and soviet territories. Now the paper will cover the extermination of the European Jew. Up until this point the events weren’t part of the Final Solution to the Jewish question only the propaganda, fear, and hatred that the Nazi regime spread along with their infectious views of the Jewish population in Europe.

Filter Bubbles

Everyone who needs information from the World Wide Web, uses search engines like Google or Yahoo! to find the specific information he or she is looking for. These engines help us to filter all the information given by the internet with the help of invisible algorithms. Without them we would sit many hours in front of the screen and filter the information by ourselves. For example the search of a brownie recipe has an output of over forty billion search results.For this reason it is good to have these algorithms but on the other hand it should be possible to select on our own which information gets filtered or not. For instance none of these algorithms will be able to decide which information is relevant to us. It is comparable to our bookshelves at home. If there are only holiday catalogues in it and I am looking for the latest information about travel warnings in Egypt I will not find it, because I am only interested in the destination itself. As I already mentioned unique ‘fi lter bubbles’ will be created for my profile as a consequence of these algorithms.Another significant point is that the user will not be able to influence which content gets into the bubble or gets blocked by the binary gatekeepers. It seems to me, that the internet shows us what it thinks we want to see and not what the user really wants to know. I am not totally happy with that fact. I believe that there won’t be any chance to change our search behavior and the results if we are not aware of the fact of these filter methods. As far as I can see there are many sites on the internet which use these algorithms like Facebook, Amazon and Google.In the case of Facebook it could mean I won’t be able to see the posts of specific friend ‘A’ because I liked the posts of a friend ‘B’ first. I have to admit this scares me a bit because I may also want to read what friend ‘A’ posted. The fact is that all of this so called invention ha ppen in the darkness and stay there if no one recognizes them and cares about the security on the internet. Summing up it can be said that there are both positive and negative aspects which plead for the invisible algorithms.

Micro Teach

Preparing to Teach in the Lifelong Learning Sector Unit 4 Using Inclusive Learning and Teaching Approaches in Lifelong Learning Individual Learning Record Delivery of a micro-teaching session on a new subject As part of your teacher training you are expected to give a micro-teach on a subject you have not delivered before. This could be a hobby or personal interest, the choice is yours. Topics chosen have included making cards, a favourite book or film, yoga†¦ However, what is important is that you have some knowledge and confidence with the topic, so that you can concentrate on the actual presenting, teaching and learning.The purpose of the micro-teaching are to: †¢Gain experience of time management, managing learning and learners †¢Use a range of teaching and learning activities in a safe environment †¢Allow for feedback from an experienced tutor and/or peers and †¢Provide an opportunity for reflection and evaluation of own practice and performance. Using t he micro-teaching for those with current teaching practice allows an opportunity to try something different as well as helping with time management.To teach effectively it is important to work through the stages of preparing and planning, delivering and evaluating in order to develop own professional practice. 1 Preparing and planning the 15 minute micro-teach sessionUse evidence gathered beforehand, informed by all PTLLS units, to identify your specific subject content and learners’ needs for your micro-teaching session. You MUST base your planning on appropriate time management within the time allowed so you do not try to do too much in the limited time. Setting up for the micro-teach = 5 minutes †¢Delivering the micro-teach = 15 minutes †¢Evaluation feedback from learners = 10 minutes †¢Micro-teaching session = 30 minutes total Use this information to decide the aim (what you want to achieve) and objectives (what you want your learners to be able to do) for your micro-teach session plan. Use your knowledge of you selected topic and your learners to select a number of appropriate teaching methods and learning activities for your micro-teach session plan.Identify on the plan at least one opportunity to use an appropriate assessment method to check learning, during the session. 2 Delivering the 15-minute micro-teach session Deliver you topic to your group using the prepared session plan – making sure to communicate effectively and appropriately with individual students and demonstrate good practice in giving feedback to learners. 3 Evaluating the micro-teach and developing own practice As soon as possible following the session completeThe session evaluation section of the lesson plan and use it when completing the Individual Learning Record evaluation – which should include a review of the session based on the observation feedback from the tutor-observer and learner feedback. 4 Evaluating the micro-teaching of others Complet e an observation form for each observed micro-teaching session, provide feedback to peers and use this information when evaluating your own approaches in order to identify possible ways to improve or develop your own practice.Evidence from the micro-teaching session should be put together as a portfolio and should include noes on: †¢An outline of the learning group – including issues of differentiation, specific considerations, e. g. health and safety †¢Session plan- indication topic/content, aims/ objectives, teaching methods, learning activities, resources, leaning checks †¢Samples of activities/resources used during the session †¢Samples of learning checks/assessment †¢Feedback from tutor/peers †¢Personal session evaluation (this should be brief notes to provide reminder for more detailed evaluations).

Abortion since Row v. Wade essays

Abortion since Row v. Wade essays Abortion has quickly become the most powerful social issue in the United States since slavery . Abortion is a topic that is very controversial because it deals with the potential life of a human being. There have been many Supreme Court cases dealing with the abortion controversy, including the landmark 1973 decision in Roe v. Wade that protected a womans constitutional right to have an abortion. This case was the turning point for women, and almost all of the Supreme Court cases that would follow would reaffirm the decision reached in Row v. Wade. In the year 1969, a woman named Norma McCorvy became pregnant after allegedly being raped. Norma, who would later adopt the pseudonym, "Jane Row" , wished to end her pregnancy by abortion; however, the Texas law outlawed abortions except for the instance when it would save the mothers life. In 1970, McCorvy filed a class action suit in the Federal District Court in Dallas. The district court ruled that the Texas law was unconstitutionally vague . The law infringed the womans right to choose whether or not to have a child. Justice Blackmun drafted a new set of guidelines which clearly detailed when an abortion would be legal. 1) For the first trimester, the decision to have an abortion is held totally up to the woman and her doctor. 2) During the second trimester, the state may regulate the abortion, depending on the doctors decision. 3) In the third trimester, the state may forbid the abortion in the interest of protecting potential life. The rulings in the case Roe v. Wade immediately affected abortion laws in all fifty states . The case had a huge impact on the abortion controversy in the United States. Aside from giving women new rights, it opened the doors for more change in legislation. Roe v. Wade was not the end of the abortion law battle. In 1976, two lawyers and two members of Planned Parenthood of central Missouri filed a suit...

Assessment And Differentiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Assessment And Differentiation - Essay Example By differentiating assessment, educators open up opportunities for students to show their developing skills and knowledge in ways in which they might be more "assured" or which might challenge them further. This is true for both lower-level and higher-level learners. Educators are capable of planning the most appropriate activities, as well as assessments, in order to meet student needs (Colorado, 2007). Through centering on adapting assessments to match students’ strengths and needs, teachers can open doors for students to be victorious. Such a change is essential for students who might otherwise not be capable of demonstrating mastery with traditional or normal assessments. Such exceptional students might be English language learners (ELLs). This paper will come up with a lesson plan for English language learners and how they can be effectively assessed by their educators. Teacher Preparation English language learners (ELLs), in content-area courses, have a double challenge meaning that they are expected to learn content and language at the same time (Colorado, 2007). ELLs struggle in content-area lessons such as literature, math, social studies and science because they have not gained the language, literacy skills, or background knowledge essential to master new content knowledge. One way to dealing with this challenge is by effective lesson planning. Relying on their different levels of English proficiency and literacy, ELLs will gain from the skills, which a well-designed lesson can tackle. Effective lessons comprise of building background knowledge, guided practice, explicit instruction and modeling, peer practice and assessment of content learned (Colorado, 2007). Student-teacher interactions along with peer interactions are significant for learning. Owing to the diversity in the background and experience that ELLs bring to the classroom, it is necessary to prepare lessons that deal with a broad range of needs. This wide sweep will also benefit al l students in a classroom whether English language learners or not (Hall, 2008). Lesson Components Building Background Knowledge Successful lesson planning requires a couple of steps from initial preparation to the ultimate review of material (Tonya, 2005). Once teachers get started, they should modify their survey to ensure their lesson or standard objectives are eliminating unimportant information, which does not meet its objectives. ELL teachers should also choose key vocabularies to pre-teach their ELLs and develop assessments to examine the content they taught. As teachers prepare their lessons, they should determine what background knowledge students require so as to master the material (Tonya, 2005). Educators might find that their English language learners’ background knowledge differs substantially from one student to another. It is also essential not to consider that ELLs' background knowledge is same as that of other learners, who were raised in this nation. With a n aim of building background knowledge to ELLs, educators could try creating interests in the subjects they teach through pictures. They could utter the name of the object as many times as possible, in order for ELLs to grasp the name. Educators should also build text-specific knowledge through offering students or ELLs with information from the text beforehand, mainly when the text is conceptually tough to understand. For

Personal & Professional Development Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Personal & Professional Development Plan - Essay Example In colleges and university phase, the individual is interested in the academic careers and growth, after graduation the need shifts towards becoming a successful professional in the business market (Megginson and Whiaker, 2007). This particular plan reflects upon my personal and professional development requirements and the skills needed to become successful in the personal and professional phase of life. The report discusses and how the individual plans to accomplish the tasks and goals of development for future growth perspective. Current Employment Sector I am a marketing graduate and my current employment is in an indoor manufacturing company. My designation is of a marketing assistant in the company. I have been employed in this organisation since 6 years. I have gained hands on experience in dealing with the marketing activities of the firm. I have the potential in dealing with international customers but unfortunately my current company does not many international customers an d so this area of expertise remains unexplored. One of my strengths is that I can represent my organisation well as being a marketing assistant I deal with many clients for the company and hence have developed good representation skills. I have a command on a number of languages such as English, Russian and Lithuanian. For marketing managers it is important to be well versed with the native language of the country where the marketing practices are being conducted and I have this skill. My current work tasks are include preparation of email shots, brochures, ringing up to costumers and asking if they are happy with our service, noting the feedback of customers, and working upon future plans upon how the marketing strategies for the organisation can be improved. I also at times handle part of the administration work in my organisation. My organisation basically follows the UK sales strategy and we are operating with this strategy to accomplish all our marketing goals. Future Career As pirations My career aspiration is focused towards attaining a challenging designation, specifically top managerial post, in the field of marketing. I aspire towards implementing the knowledge and skills attained during the degree program of marketing. I want to gain professional experience and growth in the areas of marketing management. I am a quick and ambitious learner and would love to gain guidance from the top management of any organisation. Experienced marketing professionals can provide valuable guidelines as to how things should be carried out. This guidance will help me to gain expertise and widen my knowledge horizon. For achieving the future career aspiration goals and objectives, I would need to undergo training and development sessions. By receiving training and development sessions, I would be receiving valuable guidance in improving my skills and also achieving my aims set for my professional career path. There are certain workshops and training sessions conducted on improving the marketing

McCain's Bid for Re-Election and His Stance on Immigration Term Paper

McCain's Bid for Re-Election and His Stance on Immigration - Term Paper Example McCain has changed many of his controversial opinions and policies in order to get more public acceptance. The critics blame McCain for such fluctuating policies. His the opponent in the Republican Party for the Presidential nomination, Hayworth accused McCain of teaming with Democrats on issues. He blamed McCain for working with â€Å"Sen. Russ Feingold of Wisconsin on campaign finance reform and with the late Sen. Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts on an immigration bill that would have created a pathway to citizenship for illegal immigrants† (U.S. Senate Facing Toughest Re-Election Bid, McCain Moves Right on Several Issues).   Hayworth and his supporters are particularly troubled by McCain's immigration bill, which they call "amnesty" for illegal immigrants. McCain has since backed off his calls for comprehensive immigration reform, saying the government should focus first on securing the border before figuring out how to handle the millions of illegal immigrants already in the country. He says he opposes amnesty (U.S. Senate Facing Toughest Re-Election Bid, McCain Moves Right on Several Issues). McCain’s major opponent Hayworth and his allies criticize McCain mainly because of his controversial immigration policies. McCain believes that America needs the services of the immigrants for its development and it is necessary to give citizenship to the immigrants. In his opinion, America is facing stiff manpower shortage at present in the employment sector and that is why most of the organizations are outsourcing their jobs to cheap labor markets such as India and China. Obama is trying hard to avoid outsourcing of jobs from America in order to put an end to the uncontrolled capital outflow from America.  

Power is Critical to Understanding the Difficulties Managers Confront Essay

Power is Critical to Understanding the Difficulties Managers Confront when Seeking to Manage Change - Essay Example Authority in a traditional organisation may be alternated for power but when organisational aims are not stipulated unanimously by those who matter in the organisational set up and adhered to by the lower ranks create power situations. Such situations may present dicey legal cover with given means of control as the response of juniors in the hierarchy may not be taken rightly when power is used. It could be planned involvement or distractive involvement. Buckley has provided a provisional definition of power as: â€Å"Control or influence over the actions of others to promote one's goals without their consent, against their will or without their knowledge or understanding (see Grimes 1978, p. 727). An important feature of power is the stress on private aim orientation in stead of together-goal orientation. Power, according to Gamson, is â€Å"potential partisans†, which can be defined as, â€Å"that set of actors who for a given decision are affected by the outcome in a â₠¬Ëœsignificant’ way, (See Grimes 1978, p. 727). The impact of partisans and the counter-impact of authority are normally named as power. Partisans attempt to impress upon the authority their side of the issue and its resolution. The notion of change is basic and concurrent in the thinking of management scholars on organisations. The literature on strategic change stresses on the need to adjust to the changing risks and opportunities of the new business environments. They also point out that such change is not recurrent in the occurred extent or direction required. Organisations need to develop this capacity for change to promote learning. There has been vast study on transformational leadership particularly and leadership generally that shows the seriousness of the topic for management purpose. The issue of change is more relevant also for practitioners, which is evident from the volume of books published on change management. Even then it is argued that both scholars and pra ctitioners do not possess enough knowledge of and theoretical mechanism for change. To an extent, this failure to propound a theory may be because of various established perspectives or mechanisms (Ford and Ford, 1994). Change agents play a critical role in an organisation by helping in transformation process. Change agents need to be on the right path to steer an organisation on the road to positive change. Some of the crucial inputs of change are depicted in the chart below (Evans, 2010). Power is the most critical ingredient of effective change. These leaders of change can be seen throughout the organisational ladder. These leading change leaders can be holding any position or power variable to become an instrument of change (Evans, 2010). Organisational change management problems are often not given due attention or ignored totally. In reality, people issues are responsible majorly for project failures. Causes of Project Failure The survey undertaken by KPMG analysed the causes of failed projects. The finding closely associated project failures with behaviours and expertise of the respondents, mostly related to the capabilities, behaviour and attitudes of participants (EPM Book, 2007). Discussion Mintzberg (1984) discuses the power perspective in relation to organisation life cycle in three strides: first by analysing relationships of power dissemination internally in an organisation, with that covering a classification of six assemblies of

The Ecosystems At Risk Environmental Sciences Essay

The Ecosystems At Risk Environmental Sciences Essay An ecosystem is the dynamic link of flora and fauna and micro-organism communities and their non-living surroundings. Two highly specialised ecosystems are coral reefs and coastal dunes. An example of a coral reef is the Great Barrier Reef which spans roughly 2,300 kilometres making it the largest reef in the world. The reef is home to a range of animals and plants and is known for its diversity. Coastal dunes another specialised ecosystem, is formed through a large accumulation of sand located behind the beach zone. Coastal dunes are known for having very extreme environments with only few flora or fauna being able to survive the conditions. With reference to both ecosystems, explain the biophysical interactions that lead to diverse ecosystems and their functioning. Coral Reefs Atmosphere Due to the location of the Great Barrier Reef, it faces both positive and negative interactions with the atmosphere. The reef lies in an area classified as Australias Cyclone Zone, an area hit by many fierce storms in its past. The degree of impact on the reef is subject to the intensity and extent of the storm. The damage occurs due to the large storm waves that are produced from strong winds and low-pressure systems. The forceful waves rip apart the more fragile coral and create chips and imperfections in the harder coral. In severe cyclone cases the whole reef ecosystem may be put under sediment. Tropical cyclones are known for having heavily-induced rain cycles. The extra volume of fresh water means that the salinity of the reef ecosystem is then distorted, and affects coral growth. The atmosphere can also be a constructive interaction. For example in 2006 Cyclone Larry that hit the shores of North Queensland. The cyclone struck the reef, but instead of causing destructing within the ecosystem, the cyclone prevented mass coral bleaching from occurring by lowering the temperature of the water. Atmospheric pressures lead to greater functioning ecosystems through adaptation. Lithosphere The Great Barrier Reef is aided in its functioning and transforming by the lithosphere. The reef itself produces limestone. The limestone is weathered and transported throughout the reef. The limestone is then able to create new landforms like coral cay. The limestone is also used as a defence mechanism by coral against the erosive waves. The death of one coral is used as a platform for life for another coral. Another lithospheric factor affecting coral functioning is sediment. Sediment like sand can have the effect of clouding up the water of the reef resulting in increased turbidity levels of the water. There is then less sunlight penetration into the reef, affecting the process of photosynthesis and coral bleaching is more likely to occur. Hydrosphere The Great Barrier Reef tends to have best coral growth when hydrosphere conditions are at their greatest. For example coral reefs tend to have optimal growth when wave energy is high. The wave energy is broken by the reef through the seaward, and produces an area of peaceful, protected water behind the reef. The waters of the Great Barrier Reef tend to flow in a northerly direction most of the year, though during monsoonal seasons the form of the waters change, and there is a reversal in the direction of the waters. The reversal allows the cooler southern ocean current to flow into the reef. The waters that run from the north are warm and high in salinity; they provide the reef with high nutrient levels and are major influences for the diversity of the ecosystem. Biosphere The biosphere element of the Great Barrier Reef is how the reef grows and obtains its wonderful features. An important animal for the reef are polyps. Polyps are simple organisms that have a stomach and their exoskeleton. Within the polyp is an interdependent algae called zooxanthallae. The two organisms provide mutual benefits with one providing sugars and oxygen through photosynthesis and the other supplying nutrients. Polyp regrowth occurs with the use of the deceased polyps exoskeleton. Though coral reproduction is different, where the coral will release their eggs into the summer waters, and instantaneously they release mass amounts of sperm as well. The process of evolving occurs and the larvae grow on the exoskeleton of coral. The diverse range of species within the Great Barrier Reef also has an impact on its functioning. For example crustaceans are great at executing the nutrient recycling role, while the crown of thorn star fish is known for attaching itself to coral and ea ting it to death. (Appendix A Figure 1.1) shows a Crowns of Thorns starfish preying on coral. Coastal Dunes Atmosphere The most pivotal biophysical interaction with coastal dunes is the atmosphere. The atmospheres main components are wind, temperature and precipitation. Wind is a major contributor to shaping dunes through aeolion transport, where sand grains are picked up and transported to another location. The amount of sand removed is dependent on the size of sand, velocity of the wind and nature of vegetation cover. The faster velocity of the wind the more likely sand grains will be moved, due to a greater force. The type of local vegetation and amount of vegetation on the sand dunes also impacts aeolian transport, as the vegetation becomes a barrier against the wind for the sand. Temperature plays the role of influencing the rate of sand dryness, and type of vegetation on the dunes. Temperature values also determine the functioning of ocean currents. As temperature increases the dryness of sand increases resulting in only few vegetations that are able to live on the dunes, which in turn affects the rate of aeolian transport. Precipitation is also an atmospheric component that impacts coastal dunes, through the level of rainfall. The amount of vegetation on dunes is dependent on the level of rainfall, with regular rainfall meaning a greater variety and denser vegetation. Hydrosphere The hydrological processes that have an impact on coastal dune ecosystems include wind-induced waves, longshore drift and rainfall. Wind-induced waves are important for developing coastal dunes. When there are periods of calmness within the ocean, this means sand is able to be transported from offshore deposits to the beaches. This gives greater supply to dunes through wind transportation. On the other hand when there are treacherous conditions in the oceans the waves become powerful, crash into the coastline and remove sand from the beaches and foredunes. Another hydrological process impacting coastal dunes is longshore drift. Longshore drift is the transportation of sediment by currents that are running at parallel to the shoreline. Through longshore drift, sediment is able to be produced in one location and transferred to another. Longshore drift is quite common on the East side of Australia, with many of the islands up in Queensland having been made from sediment that came from N ew South Wales. The final hydrological process to impact coastal dunes is rainfall. The amount of rainfall has a bearing on the erosion of the sand, with high rainfall eroding the surface and making it vulnerable. Biosphere The biosphere influences coastal dunes through flora and fauna. There are three species to flora, primary species, secondary species and tertiary species. The primary species are those that are closest to the sea. These areas are only colonised by vegetation that can handle the conditions. The main role of the pioneer species like Marram Grass is to stabilise any incoming sand. These species of fauna spread at a rapid pace, and so their able to protect much of a sand dune. The secondary species is the foredune vegetation. They are usually comprised of shrubs and small trees like the coastal wattle, and help in maintaining foredune sand mass. The tertiary species are those that go beyond the coastal moorland, like tall trees. This process is known as succession. Fauna on coastal dunes is not very evident. Not many animals live on the dunes closest to the beach, as the conditions are too extreme for them to handle, with only few crabs calling this area home. Towards the back of the dun e systems an increasing number of bird species can be found. Lithosphere Sand particles are not identical; therefore its mineral and chemical composition will vary from place to place. For example in New South Wales most dunes have sand made of quartzose particles. The particles do not bond easily, resulting in less stable dunes. Dune formation starts with the deposition of sediment and offshore sand bars at the mouths of rivers. Through longshore currents the sediment is relocated then deposited on a beach by wave action. Dry sand is blown inland from the beach. The drift accumulates around obstacles like vegetation and a dune starts to form. Coastal dunes have three types of dunes that could occur, the first being foredunes. The foredune is the first stable dune built. Its main objective is to act as a barrier between the sea and inland. It is located at the back of the beach and usually has pioneer grasses colonising it. As the vegetation matures more sand is trapped creating larger dune systems. (Appendix B Figure 1.1) a foredune has developed with pi oneer grasses colonising it. Another type of dune is parallel or transverse dunes. Parallel dunes develop when a foredune has been hit by a storm, and the seaward face has been eroded. When sediment flow restores, a new ridge develops in front of the foredune, with a swale separating them. With the new foredune developing, supply to the old foredune becomes limited and stables. Heath-like shrubs develop on the old foredune once it is stable enough to house them. A diagram of parallel dune is seen in (Appendix B Figure 1.2) where it is shown how a transverse dune develops. The final type of dune is the parabolic dune. Parabolic dunes are the result of blowouts. They are large dunes that are shaped like a horse shoe, and develop in dune systems running parallel to the coast. Their formation is linked to onshore winds. (Appendix B Figure 1.3) shows how parabolic dunes are the resultant of primary wind direction. Question 2. Analyse the impacts due to both human-induced modifications and natural stress on both ecosystems at risk. How does each ecosystem adjust in response to natural stress? Coral Reefs Human Modifications Human dependence on the Great Barrier Reef has been for many thousands of years. As human populations grow the demand for coral reef resources will increase as well. Over-fishing of the coral reef often occurs when there is an increase in the human population, as there is a greater demand for seafood. Fishermen usually target those fish that are closely connected with the coral, like snappers. When these species decrease in population fisherman target all fish using methods like spears and nets. Through observation it has been proven that coral with no fish near are more prone to overgrowth by macro-algae and increases in coral diseases. There is also physical damage sustained by the coral, through the anchors and nets. Tourism is an additional human induced factor impacting coral reefs, and especially the Great Barrier Reef. One of tourisms foremost asset the Great Barrier Reef brings in $4 billion a year. Research performed by James Cook University of Cairns found several comprehensive impacts of tourism on the reef. The first being coastal tourism development, where many people visiting the reef want to stay as close to the reef as possible. The coastal developments near and around the Great Barrier Reef disrupt currents and gravitate to the displacement of sediment. There is also increase tourism on the islands near the reef causing problems linked with sewage and rubbish. Marine based tourism also occurs in the Great Barrier Reef with the anchor chains of boats having catastrophic effects on the coral. Although operators are very careful when it comes to tourist interaction with coral animals, some tourists negatively interact with the wildlife causing complications in the breeding cycles and n atural interactions. (Appendix A Figure 1.2) reveals how close some tourist get to the coral. Climate change is another contributor of human-induced modification to the Great Barrier Reef. Some of the effects of climate change include changes in rainfall patterns, changes to ocean currents and circulation and increase in sea surface temperature. Especially a rise in sea surface temperature will mean coral bleaching events will occur, creating mass damage through the reef. (Appendix B Figure 1.4) depicts the linkage between average temperatures and bleaching events (one being in 1998 and the other being in 2002). The chemical structure of the water is also changed with greater amounts of carbon dioxide dissolved in the water. Added on with rising sea levels could spell the destruction of coral reefs. An example of climate change affecting the fauna of reef is through the turtle. Turtle gender is determined through the temperature of the water, with warmer temperatures resulting in greater numbers of female turtles, creating a gender imbalance. (Appendix B Figure 1.5) shows the extent to which coral bleaching occurred in 2002, in accordance with the sea temperature. Natural Stresses Natural stresses are dangerous to reefs but the reef ecosystem can usually recover and adapt to the change. This is because natural change usually occurs over a long period of time, allowing the ecosystem to adapt. One natural stress is the Crown of Thorns Starfish. Crown of Thorns Starfish are known for eating the coral polyps. Coral reefs can only withstand a low population of these starfish. When the conditions are right for the starfish they can grow in numbers to plague proportions and have harmful consequences on the hard coral population. It could take the reefs up to many years to recover from plague numbers of starfish. Weather is another natural stress that inflicts damage to coral reefs. Coral thrive best in warm, salty waters. They are generally found in shallow clear waters, which help the zooxanthaelae algae to undertake photosynthesis. When there are changes in temperature and salinity, due to excessive rain, stress is placed on the coral polyps. This stress causes the coral polyps to eject the algae, which results in coral bleaching. For example it was reported in 2010 of mass coral bleaching occurring throughout South-East Asia, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. The reason behind the bleaching was increased water temperatures. Low levels of water also impact coral, through being exposed to the sun for long periods of time the coral polyps consequently dry up. (Appendix B Figure 1.6) demonstrates the future implications to current scenarios facing the reef ecosystem. Coastal Dunes Human Modifications The main reasons to human induced modifications on dunes are the ever growing desires of humans to live on the coasts, and the increase in human population. Coastal development is occurring all over the world, due to the demand of humans to live near water. Most coastal development involves the process of flattening the parallel dunes to build. These actions result in the flow of sand inland being disrupted, and the protective barrier situated between the land and the sea vanishes. Another form of coastal development affecting coastal dunes is reclamation. Reclamation involves building a wall that is some distance off the coast. It is done to extend the land out into water, and is extremely harmful to dune ecosystems, as it alters the movement of sediment along the coast. The areas that are reclaimed usually provide sand for dune development and growth. Humans also destroy the coastal dunes through the recreational practices that take place. When people try to make their way to beaches they usually trample along plants. This creates holes in the dunes and invites resilient weeds to grow. Most vegetation degradation occurs in the foredune, which happens to be the most important part of the dune system. The weight of vehicles and other means of transport compact the sand, resulting in the sand having less oxygen and therefore less plant growth. For example in Lake Huron, Ontario, Canada research has found that the number of vehicles having access to the dunes has caused the deeper sand to become compact and surface sand to loosen. The loosened sand becomes vulnerable to wind erosion, and causes a decrease in the rate of organic decay. Coastal dunes are very specialised and tenuous. When there is an introduction in a flora and/or fauna species, this creates havoc in the dune ecosystem. One species that has caused major dune damage is the rabbit. The rabbits were introduced to Australia by the First Fleet and have been destructive ever since their introduction. Rabbits impact coastal dunes through eating the grasses and other vegetation, reducing the ground cover and they expose sand to wind erosion. An example of floral impact on the coastal dunes is the detrimental bitou bush. Once the bitou bush has entered the dune system it quickly takes over and kills all the native plants. The bitou bush is so successful due to its high-volume of seed production, large root systems and having no predators in Australia. (Appendix A Figure 1.3) An example of bitou bush monoculture on dune systems. Natural Stresses The major natural factor impacting dunes is storm damage. Storm-induced waves are able to cause a great deal of damage to the structure of the dune system. The ferocious power of the storm can leave the beaches degraded with little sediment, for dune reconstruction. Structural damage comes in two main forms, washovers, and washouts. An example of a major storm damage that has happened was in 1999 on the coastline of Byron Bay, New South Wales. The waves were as high as 3-metres, with the storms created mass coastal erosion. A further example of storms impacting coastal dunes was in Stockton Beach, Newcastle in 2007. The storms occurred over the June long weekend and resulted in approximately 100,000 cubic metres worth of sand being lost, as well as structural damage like erosion around sea walls. This caused major disturbance to the coastal dune functioning, as will take a long time to recover. Dune systems dont have perfectly shaped surfaces. The dunes often have recessions and elevations. When a storm-wave height surpasses the height of a recession in the dune, water seeps into the dune creating a washover. With consecutive storm-induced waves the washover impression deepens and widens, causing major damage. Recurring, powerful storms also cause damage to the flora of the dune, further decelerating the process of regeneration. (Appendix B Figure 1.7) makes evident how washovers make rifts in the dune tops. An example of how washovers have caused damage to dunes was the major storm damage that occurred at the Newcastle Port in 1974. The storm had wind gusts up to 165 kilometres/per hour, and swells were over 17 metres high. The impact of the storm on the dunes was the well-built foredunes had been completely flattened. Washouts are linked with the penetration of sand barriers like those that segregate coastal lagoon from the open sea, after there has been a period of substantial rainfall. Washouts can also occur in dune systems, when there is a build-up of water in the swales that separate dunes. When there are slumps in the dunes surfaces, the water gets directed through the low points and overspills onto the beach, sometimes transport sand with it. Most if not all ecosystems are affected by both human and natural stresses. Though the difference between the stresses is that ecosystems are able to adapt and overcome natural stresses, while human stresses cause great damage to ecosystems. An example of a natural stress impacting coastal dunes is a washover. Washovers can have significant damage to the dune system, and the dune system must adjust. One form of adjustment is through the accretion cycle. Constructive waves bring sand to the beach from the sea. The sand is dried from the wind and sunlight, and is then able to be transferred to the dunes. Like washovers coastal dunes adapt to washouts in a similar fashion. One way in which coral reefs especially the Great Barrier Reef responds to natural stresses like currents is by taking the shape of the stress. This helps the ecosystem in adapting to the stress and alleviating the consequences of the stress. Question 3. Compare and contrast the vulnerability and resilience of the two ecosystems at risk. All ecosystems have vulnerabilities and resilience. Location is one vulnerability. Coral reefs tend to be greater impacted by location than coastal dunes, as coral reefs are more specialised than coastal dunes. For example for coral reefs to thrive they need a certain water temperature. The temperature should be between 25 Degrees Celsius and 29 Degrees Celsius. An increase in temperature in the summer months has devastating consequences. As seen in the 2010 mass bleaching in the South-East Asian region which came with increased temperatures. On the other hand coastal dunes are more resilient to temperature changes. Coastal dunes are able to better adapt to temperature changes and only with a great increase in temperature change will coastal dunes become less resilient. On the other hand a loss of land has more impact on coastal dunes than coral reefs. Coastal dunes have greater vulnerability to a loss of land because they are not large in size. If dune land is taken for human uses like parkland or parking spaces, unwanted competition is created within the dune flora and fauna. For example at Long Beach, Collaroy a large amount of the dune system was replaced with a car park area and grass land. This reduced the area of the dune system and created competition within the ecosystem. (Appendix A Figure 1.4) Long Reef Beach were has been redeveloped to fit human wants. In contrast the Great Barrier Reef is more resilient to reef area being taken. The reef being approximately 2,300 kilometres means that even if a few kilometres of reef area is taken, it will not have a major effect on the reef flora and fauna. The Great Barrier Reef has a large degree of biodiversity, therefore making it more resilient to changes in diversity than coastal dunes. The Great Barrier Reef has around 1,500 species of fish, species of sea grass in beds, 500 coral species and more, showing great diversity. (Appendix B Figure 1.8) shows the diverse range of fish and coral species within the reef, compared to another reef. If for example one producer being algae is ended then there are other producers like sea plants that secondary consumers can feed on. While coastal dunes have very extreme environments, therefore only few flora and fauna are able to survive. This limits the diversity within the ecosystem, and if one primary consumer for example is killed off then there is competition for food, resulting in disequilibrium. Ecosystems with greater interdependence like the Great Barrier Reef can accommodate for change more easily, while coastal dunes (who have harsh conditions, which lowers there flora fauna populat ions), are more susceptible to change. Question 4. Evaluate the traditional and contemporary approaches to management and protection of both ecosystems. Coral Reefs Traditional Management Strategies Traditional management approaches were mostly used by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. The Aboriginals focused on preserving the reefs and maintaining equilibrium in the ecosystem. The first traditional management plan was season hunting. Season hunting involved hunting only occurring at specific designated times of the year, for example summer. This strategy guaranteed that there would be flora and fauna available for the future generations. The Aboriginals and Islanders only took what resources they needed from the reef, which helped in maintaining dynamic equilibrium in the reef. Another impressive traditional management tactic used by the Aboriginals in maintaining the reefs was restrictions on fish sizes. This practice involved only catching fish of a certain length or above. Through this practice the fish of the Great Barrier Reef were given the chance to reproduce at least once before they were caught. This let the ecosystem maintain levels of fauna. Contemporary Management Strategies Coral reefs are also maintained through contemporary management strategies, with a startegy being zoning. Zoning involves establishing what can be done and where it can be done. The purpose of zoning is to diminish stress placed on certain areas of the reef. An example of zoning is allowing commercial fishing to occur in some parts of the reef, while tourism developments in other parts. Another way in which reefs can be preserved is through benchmark data. Benchmark data is comparing the ecosystem that is at risk with the standard of that ecosystem. Benchmark data helps in understanding whether the reef ecosystem is at the standard that it should be. For example the standard level globally for the amount of dissolved nitrogen in the water of coral reefs is 0.014ppm. Benchmark data is important in interpreting the risk factor the reef ecosystem has. The managing of tourism on the reef is also a significant factor of contemporary management strategies. Tourism generally has a negative impact on the reef, so its important that these tourists learn more about the reefs and the need to manage them. The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA) makes all tourists pay a certain fee when visiting the reefs, so they can reinvest the money into the reef. One of the major issues regarding tourism in reefs is the concentration on certain areas. For example, around 85% of all Great Barrier Reef tourism occurs in the areas of Cairns and Whitsunday Islands. Though they only make up 7% of the entire Great Barrier Reef putting immense risk on these areas. Over the years there have been many pontoon accidents in the reef and so the GBRMPA decided to ban all pontoon activity unless granted otherwise. Tourism also impacts the wildlife and breeding cycles. Fauna have certain places and times when they are breeding and sometimes humans distu rb their cycles. For example research found that many bird species that regularly bred on Michaelmas Cays had stopped breeding due to the growing tourist activity on the island. Coastal Dunes Traditional Management Strategies Very little is known on the traditional Aboriginal ways of the management of coastal dunes. The findings of middens, which are mounds of shells, are indicators to the type of marine environment in the area, and the time that the Aborigines used the resources. Totems were also used by Aboriginals. Totems are animals assumed as an emblem to an individual or family. For many Aborigines the totems were an animal ancestor of theirs. They were not allowed to eat their totem animals or harm it in anyway. This management strategy helped in making sure species were not overhunted. The most known form of Aboriginal management of coastal dunes was back-burning. Back-burning occurred through fires or fire stick farming, and would occur during cool periods so the fires would not get out of hand and kill the whole ecosystem. Contemporary Management Strategies For successful dune protection to occur, the natural functioning of the dune must be sustained, while allowing humans to use the coastal dune ecosystem in a sustainable manner. As dune restoration is extremely costly many bodies of power have used strategies that protect the current dunes, and keep them in the best possible condition. One strategy imposed is land-use controls. Through state and local governments there is the ability to have stricter planning laws on human activities on dunes. Local governments have the power to accept or decline any development applications on the dunes. This would help the dune system function in a more natural state. Dune stabilisation is also an important feature to management and involves securing exposed sand and stopping it from blowing away. One way of doing this is through reshaping the dunes. Reshaping transpires through the use of earthmoving equipment that makes the dunes more aerodynamic shaped. Reshaping is able to create the needed form of the dune for vegetation and organisms to become established on the dunes. Dune reconstruction usually occurs on dunes that lack in sand. As it is expensive to import sand, chemicals and other inorganic fertilisers are used. If dune reconstruction is applied with other efficient management methods like revegetation, then it is extremely positive for the dune, as seen in Texas, USA where sand dunes using this method have grown by 2 or 3 metres in only 2 years. The most successful method for dune stabilisation is revegetation. Revegetation is proven to be the least expensive, most durable and is able to self-maintain. The main role of dune plants is to trap and hold wind-borne sand. The leaves of vegetation also play a part, as they disturb the movement of sand by saltation and surface creep. Revegetation usually takes on the form of developing a plant succession on the dunes. If the dune is somewhat degraded then pioneer dune grasses, like sand spinifex, are brought in to stabilise the dune, then introduced are the secondary vegetation like she oaks and finally tertiary species like coastal trees. As coastal dunes are extremely harsh and specialised ecosystems it is preferred that the seedlings of the revegetation come from neighbouring areas, as the vegetation has experienced the conditions. Revegetation does not come cheap and is particularly labour-intensive. Through the actions of volunteers like Dune Care, dune revegetation is able to occur more often and with fewer expenses. (Appendix A Figure 1.5) an example of successful dune revegetation occurring on coastal dunes. Conclusion Both coral reefs and coastal dunes are extreme environments in their own ways. They face common problems in terms of the biophysical interactions and human stresses, but also contrasting difficulties with one being more vulnerable than the other. Much importance must be placed on preserving both ecosystems as they offer us many resources. Efficient management approaches must also be used to sustain them for future generations. These environments offer humans an insight into the power and ferocity that is instilled in Mother Nature. The ecosystems have adapted to the many conditions they have faced, and will continue as long as we can help preserve them.

Is A Doll’s House a suitable title for the play? Essay -- English Lite

Is A Doll’s House a suitable title for the play Is ‘A Doll’s House’ a suitable title for the play? Refer to act one, and the language of the characters. Ibsen’s use of language creates a suitable title ‘A Doll’s House’. This title represents and relates to the whole play. ‘A Doll’s House’ relates to power, it represents a doll being played with and owned. This doll is controlled; its every move is depicted. The title is significant to society and entrapment within the house. Ibsen represents Nora as a doll. Nora therefore reacts in the same way as a doll, trapped in a house. Helmer has power over Nora and treats her as a doll, his doll. A doll’s house can look good and perfectly innocent on the outside, but how about the inside? During this play we acknowledge the truth underneath the prettiness of ‘A Doll’s House’. The significance in the title is crucial to understanding the relationship between Nora and Torvald. Deception is seen right away with the macaroons. Their dialogue is not that of the one of an equal couple. Dominance is depicted in this scene and we find that there is almost a sense that Torvald owns Nora. Her significance was to bear children and be pretty. Nora accepts this and has thrived under this ‘Doll House’ under the protection of her husband. During act one; Ibsen creates a happy and normal atmosphere, within a traditional 19 century nuclear family. Ibsen’s use of language creates these different characters. For example, during the first act Nora appears to be money hungry. â€Å"One, two†¦oh thank you Torvald†. All Nora thinks about is money; she is very childish and manipulative. Like a doll she does not take into consideration the real aspects of life. A child plays joyfully w... ...eir roles within the family. Their distinctive language reflects their character traits; Helmer being head of the house and Nora being a mother and wife. Ibsen creates the significance of a ‘doll’s house’ to Nora’s and Helmer’s relationship. Although Helmer has power, Nora slightly does in a way. She saved her husband’s life by borrowing money. This shows bravery in Nora, as during the 19th century it was forbidden for a female to borrow or even work to earn money. This may be suggesting that she wants to break free from her ‘doll’s’ role, knowing she is destined for so much more. By reading and looking at act one I can say that ‘A Doll’s House’ is definitely a suitable title for the play. The title says it all; Nora is the doll, Torvald’s doll, everything in her little ‘doll’s house’ is perfect, but she has no idea what is going on in the world outside.

Independent Trust: Assurance in Modern Development Essay

In these economically unstable times with deep collapses and shifts within the global business community, it is essential for a company to provide stable, reliable service to its clients in bilateral partnerships of trust. The nature of an independent trust company is one of total solidarity with its individual clients, resisting the temptation of common prevalent lapses of ethics within the business community. With firm and friendly partnerships in place, our company moves into the continually developing economic environment with assurance in the fact that new clients, situations, and communities can be well served by our team of professional experts who continually keep watch on the life generating business developments across the globe. The confidence and positive outlook of our staff lends well to the retaining and expanding of our client base, and in a pact of mutually beneficial investments and market gauges, our company consistently hits the mark in providing the highest level of intelligent excellence to each individual with whom we come into contact, our staff members and all the clients we serve. The environment where our company is based, with locations in Jersey and Geneva, lends to a beautifully positioned placement within Europe. The liberated nature of the core societies in which we work shores up the ability of our company to make wise and independent decisions while are uniquely tailored to the needs of our global clients. Individuals from the United Kingdom, Far East, Middle East, and Eastern Europe are well served by the strategic location of our offices, both in terms of the unique legal structures of Geneva and Jersey as well as the convenience of their global positioning and welcoming infrastructure. Our staff members are able to travel easily between our offices and to make trips across the world in order to best serve our clients. People are never â€Å"out of sight, out of mind†, rather our full devotion and energy is invested in our staff members and clients, with meetings, trips, and travel being the means in which we are able to make assured decisions in the mutually beneficial agreements with clients and businesses. In looking to the structure of our company, it is important to note that we have a very high level of qualified staff members, employing six chartered accountants and numerous ICSA and STEP qualified personnel. The top managers are very easily approachable and support the company workers with proactive and confident attitudes, aiming to keep the company driven in steady and positive directions. Benefits are arranged in a flat organizational structure, with all employees enjoying the extra perks of retirement and health investments, the choice to live and work in either of our two lovely office environments in Jersey or Geneva, having to the option to change jobs and immerse oneself in a new and exciting cultural environment, and to relax during business meeting and trips as well as personal leisure time, including dinner and drinks, and stimulating excursions to Sark, France, or the mountains of Switzerland. Everyone knows how important it is to enjoy the work environment, and encouraging the happiness of our employees and clients in essential to doing good business. While our staff and clients are nurtured by the care of our company, the level of expertise and the commitment to performance is what drives our constant impulse to provide the highest level of service to our business partners. A company always has to sustain performance in the present as well as keep an eye on the attainable goals for the future. With our recent purchase of another company which was heavily involved with charities in Africa, working with AIDS, children, and animal sanctuaries, we have now opened up to our Southern market and are strategically placed to conduct careful business in this developing economy which is ripe with potential. Catering to the unique needs of our clients and partnerships always involves a sense of ethics and wanting to provide not only business services, but also to provide a heartfelt level of care to the people we engage. More and more, it is understood that morality in the business and investment communities, in the modern day market, is vital to the health and sustainability of individual people, businesses, communities, and nations. Without a true and faithful grasp of the essential elements of conducting good business, a company with be sure to falter or collapse, a situation which has never been experienced by our company, even within these economically challenging times. With eyes on our current clients and partnerships, care being given to maintaining and developing relationships, and strategic plans being crafted for the implementation of our future in opening market possibilities, our company enjoys the satisfaction of knowing that we are catering to the real needs of our worldwide friends and stepping in to provide the real needs to the market demands. In adding to the idea of morality in business, it is important to highlight what we avoid, in order to also provide a clear image of the business we do conduct. There is never a time when it is alright for us to ignore or set aside a potential working relationship. In connecting with our clients, we don’t ever assume that we are in a particular power position or exude any sort of elitist arrogance. The over confidence and greed which is the demise of many businesses is consistently rejected by our staff team, and we never accepted outside commissions. The level of importance of each individual member of our company is horizontal. Although one person may have a more complicated task to perform at any given time, there is never a time when any person in our company believes that the other person is not absolutely and vitally essential to our well selected team. To us, each staff member, client, and business is a partner, each person and organization equally essential to the web of relationships in which we weave and network. By placing trust and positive regard in our well selected partners, we pulse energy into the ties which bind us and generate life not only in social or emotional terms, but also in business and economic terms. It would be a great honor and pleasure for our company to receive the award of Independent Trust Company of the Year. By taking note of our strength and resilience through very difficult economic times, the powerful friendliness of our company team, the devotion with which we serve our global partners, and the high level of ethics with which we infuse our company, we hope that you will see the value in naming us for this prestigious gift. The hard work and determination of our solid and caring team members would be nothing more than expanded and rejuvenated by the dedication of this award to our stable and well positioned independent trust company. In aiming high, resisting immoral business temptations, catering to the true needs of our staff members and clients, making informed business decisions, working for the sustainability and development of our company, and nurturing our personal and professional relationships, we are sure that the quality and performance of our company is justifiably notable and well deserving of nothing less than the highest honor and best regard.